Citing sources doesn't just apply to traditional research. Any time you are taking something that was created by another person, and using it in your work, it is imperative that your provide a citation. This includes all digital media that is used in your projects (images, video, sound).
A citation is a reference to an outside source. In other words, you are acknowledging that you found this information from someone or somewhere else - it is not your own original creation, thought, or research.
It gives credit to the person whose idea or creation you are referencing.
It leads readers to your sources.
It helps you avoid plagiarism.
When you find information in another source, someone else "owns" their own creation and ideas, whether or not they have published them. Not giving that person credit when you borrow their ideas or words is called plagiarism, which is a very serious academic infraction. Intentionally or accidentally claiming someone else's work as your own may also violate copyright law. In the case of using digital media files, failure to cite your sources can also nullify the Fair Use Principle. Even if a digital media item is available for free use through the public domain or creative commons, you are still required to provide a citation.
The guidelines you use to format your citation - the citation style - will depend on several factors, including your field of study and your professor's preferences.
Some image banks will provide a ready-made citation for you. If not, you will need to create the citation yourself.
You will most commonly use one of the styles listed below. However, you should always check with your professor first.
When in doubt, visit the official citation manual to check your formatting.
MLA Style refers to the standards published by the Modern Language Association. This style is most commonly used in humanities disciplines such English, modern languages, and cultural studies.
An MLA citation (8th edition) for a digitized painting might look like:
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APA Style refers to the standards published by the American Psychological Association. This style is most commonly used in disciplines such as psychology, sociology, business, economics, nursing, social work, and criminology.
A sample APA citation (7th edition) for a digitized painting might look like:
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Chicago Style refers to standards published by the University of Chicago Press. This style is most commonly used in disciplines such as history, literature, and the arts. It is unique in that it offers two sub-styles:
You may also see the term Turabian Style, which refers to a simplified version of Chicago.
A sample Chicago style citation (17th edition, bibliography) for a digitized painting might look like:
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