Basic Format: J. K. Author, “Title of chapter in the book,” in Title of His Published Book, xth ed. City of Publisher, (only U.S. State), Country: Abbrev. of Publisher, year, ch. x, sec. x, pp. xxx–xxx.
Reference List: B. Klaus and P. Horn, Robot Vision. Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press, 1986.
BF: J. K. Author, “Name of paper,” Abbrev. Title of Periodical, vol. x, no. x, pp. xxx-xxx, Abbrev. Month, year, doi: xxx.
RL: M. Ito et al., “Application of amorphous oxide TFT to electrophoretic display,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 354, no. 19, pp. 2777–2782, Feb. 2008.
BF: J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” presented at the Abbreviated Name of Conf., City of Conf., Abbrev. State, Country, Month and day(s), year, Paper number.
RL: J. G. Kreifeldt, “An analysis of surface-detected EMG as an amplitude-modulated noise,” presented at the 1989 Int. Conf. Med. Biol. Eng., Chicago, IL, USA, Nov. 9–12, 1989.
References need not be cited in the text. When they are, they appear on the line, in square brackets, inside the punctuation. Grammatically, they may be treated as if they were footnote numbers, e.g.:
as shown by Brown [4], [5]; as mentioned earlier[2], [4], [5], [6], [7], [9]; Smith [4] and Brown and Jones [5]; Wood et al. [7]
NOTE: Use "et al." whe three or more names are given for a reference cited in the text. or as nouns:
as demonstrated in [3]; according to [4] and [6], [7], [8], and [9].
*For further information on in-text citations in IEEE, see page 3 of the Reference Guide.*